Critics argue that the theory and model do not take into account the differences between capitalistic vs. Still, since our purpose is not the piecemeal criticism of one or another version of modernization theory but the evaluation of modernization theory itself as. This article provides information about the critique of modernisation theories based on the dependency theory of development. Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial bengal. Modernization theory and dependency theory are two development theories between which some difference can be identified. Matunhu department of development studies, midlands state university, zimbabwe and published in african journal of history and culture vol. Dependency theory an overview sciencedirect topics. The main weakness of dependency theory lies in explaining the origin of underdevelopment.
In the words of one of the major proponents, historically, modernization is the process of change towards those types of social, economic, and political systems that have developed in. Modernization and dependency theory 1563 words 7 pages. Modernization theory is subject to criticism originating among socialist and freemarket ideologies, worldsystems theorists, globalization theory and dependency theory among others. They fail to understand that value systems and institutions tend to be culturespecific. Seeing the state of development or underdevelopment in latin america 1 and africa 2, i argue that dependency is created by a dominant country on these so called underdeveloped countries by creating a. Dependency theory, an approach to understanding economic underdevelopment that emphasizes the putative constraints imposed by the global political and economic order. Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial bengal by r1uha11ad shahidullah, b.
Difference between modernization theory and dependency. Both modernisation and dependency theory make the mistake of treating ldcs least developed countries as homogeneous i. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Accordingly,neoliberalism is an anti development perspective,not in termsofgoalsbutintermsofmeans. The basic assumption of this theory, in any of its versions, is that there is one general end page 157 process of which democratization is but the final stage. Modernization and dependency theory essay example graduateway.
Modernization theory explains the progress and development of technology in more stable regions of the world. Modernization theorists only see western economies as completely modern and deem other economies to be unevolved or primitive. The endogenous explanation is a modernization theory. Development theory economics and political science. Dependency theory, sometimes called foreign dependency, is used to explain the failure of nonindustrialized countries to develop economically despite investments made into them from industrialized nations. Modernization theory emphasized internal factors while making an exception of science. Dependency theory is premised on the fact that resources move and. Dependency theory and its close relative, world system theory, emphasized the role of external relationships in the developmental process. Modernization theory is a socioeconomic theory, which received wide popularity in 1950s years, and as well as dependency theory is a part of the wider theme of theories in sociology, known as sociocultural revolution. It was the start of the origin that development became directly associated with western values and ideologies, thus showing us a early modernization theory, however modernization theory developed much later than this, as stated above, but can always be seen as having influence from this period. Modernization theory vs dependency theory while many theorists have numerous explanations towards underdevelopment, experts like david brooks and peter hallward have described the natural disaster in haiti to be brutally destructive primarily due to its poverty.
Development theory and gendered approach to development. However, the way modernization theory suggests for. The discourse pins hope on the african renaissance theory of development. Modernization theory focuses specifically on a type of modernization thought to. Beyond latin america chapter iii a theory of underdevelopment in sociology. A critique of modernization and dependency theories in. Critique of modernisation theories based on the dependency. Modernization and dependency theory essay writing blog. Yet this may not be a fair test of modernization theory. Modernization theory focuses on the social elements which facilitate social progress and development of societies, and further aims to explain the process of social evolution. Dependency theory observes and explains the effects modernization in one region has on other parts of the world.
Aug 31, 2015 modernization theory and dependency theory are two development theories between which some difference can be identified. In these days of increasing globalization, which appears as an unstoppable and relentless process, structuralist. The difference between modernization theory and dependency theory is that one explains how developed states operate and grow, while the other explains the exact opposite. Worlds such as developed and underdeveloped that construct the argument of dependency theory are subjective and different people will view these different terms in different lights. In such a way, the dependency theory is externallyoriented, whereas the modernization theory is internallyoriented. Difference between modernization theory and dependency theory. A critique of modernization and dependency theories in africa. To put it more precisely, the modernization theory holds the premise that countries have different level of development but less developed countries can improve their position through modernization. Difference between modernisation theory and dependency theory. Latin american dependency theory global south studies, u. The conclusion is that both theories have failed to help develop africa. A country plagued by a myriad of critical issues, pakistans deepening woes have dented its image in the social and economic strata. Dependency theory is the notion that resources flow from a periphery of poor and underdeveloped states to a core of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former.
Modernization theory an overview sciencedirect topics. Therefore, modernization theory sheds light on modernity in a very different way to dependency theory. Dependency theory highlights that due to colonial and postcolonial endeavors the countries at the periphery are constantly exploited by those at the core. Modernization or dependency 72 95 modernization theory and underdevelopment dependency theory and underdevelopment dependency in a specific historical context. Modernization consists of a gradual differentiation and specialization of social structures. Feb 23, 2018 worldsystems theory, dependency theory and global inequality duration.
Modernization theory stresses the importance of internal, local, and native factors as catalysts for socioeconomic development while making science an external agent of change an exception chasedunn, 1998. Modernization theory vs dependency theory 1227 words 5 pages. There are two levels of analysis in classical modernization theory. Dependency theory and modernization theory dependency theory is a mixture of various theories, including world systems theory, historical structure theory, and neomarxist theory. Dependency theory holds that the condition of underdevelopment is precisely the result of the incorporation of the third world economies into the capitalist world system which is dominated by the west and north america randall and theobald 1998, 120, hence in development studies, dependency implies a situation in which a. However, nobody can deny that dependency theory opened up a new perspective on the realities of international political economy.
Modernization theory stresses not only the process of change but also the responses to that change. Perhaps one of these theories is more likely than the other to explain living conditions and the lack of development in the global south. Comparison of dependency theory with modernization theory. Modernization and dependency theories flashcards quizlet. The basic assumption of this theory, in any of its versions, is that there is one gen. Postdevelopmentthinkingalsoputs forth an anti development position. Dependency theory assumes that human behavior in economic matters is a constant. Introduction dependency theory, as a theory that purports to explain the related conditions of economic development and the lack of, and evident need for it, in the countries of the periphery, or third worlda condition that some dependistas theorists of dependency refer to as underdevelopmenthas. The marxist theory of imperialism explains dominant state expansion while the dependency theory explains underdevelopment. Modernization, modernization theory and its criticism. It is a central contention of dependency theory that poor states are impoverished and rich ones enriched by the way poor states are integrated into the world system.
The discourse assesses the influence of modernization and dependency theories on africas development. It combines elements from a neomarxist theory and adopts a revolution of under developed nations model. The focus of this theory is the totality of society and social system periphery, which highlights the. According to modernization theory, development will arrive in traditional societies after the modernization of their beliefs and attitudes. Dependency theory, which originated in the 1950s, has singer and prebisch as the progenitors and emerged as a result of the growing dissatisfaction with modernity theories that had propounded. The use of the term development to refer to national economic growth emerged in the united states beginning in the 1940s and in association with a key american foreign policy concern. The hypothesis implied by this theory is that if a country develops over a longer period under dictatorship, so. Relationships with developed countries and particularly with multinational corporations were viewed as. Dependency can be defined as an explanation of the economic development of a state in terms of. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our cookie policy.
The proponents of modernization theory claimed that underdeveloped countries were. In other words, the relation between underdevelopment and dependency is explained in a circular manner. This theory not only stresses the process of change but also the results of that change. Modernization theory claimed that once developing societies came into contact with western european and north american societies, they would be impelled toward modernization and, eventually, would achieve the economic, political, and social features characteristic of the nations of western europe and the united. Vincent ferraro, mount holyoke college south hadley, ma july 1996 background dependency theory developed in the late 1950s under the guidance of the director of the united nations economic commission for latin america, raul prebisch. Matunhu department of development studies, midlands state university, zimbabwe. Dependency theory dependency theory has been presented as a theory of development that improves modernisation theory reyes, 2001a. Modernization theory is used to explain the process of modernization within societies. Modernization theory oxford research encyclopedia of. Modernization theory is a theory used to explain the process of modernization that a nation goes through as it transitions from a traditional society to a modern one. What is the difference between modernization theory and. Modernization theory studies the process of social evolution and the development of. There is, presumably, a need to make traditional societies beliefs and attitudes more rational. Theories of development modernisation theory youtube.
The theory suggests developing countries through the five economic growth stages with a western. According to valenzuela and valenzuela, the modernization perspective is behavioral, or microsociological. Modernization refers to a model of a progressive transition from a. Modernization theory, dependency theory and world systems. In analysing the assets of the modernisation theories, it should be understood that this school of thought emerged in the early years of the 1950s, and began to disappear in the 1970s when belief in it started to wane. A critical analysis in the changing world situation after the post 1945 era, the development of modernization theory in order to modernise the rest of the world in line with american development is interestingly significant in the history of development studies.
Two interesting theories used to examine the development of global south are. Nonetheless, there are some core propositions which seem to underlie the analyses of most dependency theorists. Modernization and dependency theory nowadays the rapid development of the word and the growing integration of countries can hardly fail to affect the development of new theories which attempt to explain the relationship between countries and the existing inequality between developed countries and countries. Dawn development alternatives for a new erainfluenced, mainly, by liberal and social feminists have emerged, in part as critiques of the major theoretical approaches to development modernization theory, underdevelopment and dependency theory and neoliberalismin the third. Modernization theory is a grand theory encompassing many different disciplines as it seeks to explain how society progresses, what variables affect that progress, and how societies can react to that progress. Modernization theory studies the process of social evolution and the development of societies. Dependency theory is more inclusive than modernization theory. Development theory dependency and world systems theories. It is also known or being compassed within development theory. Dependency theory grew influential in latin america in the 1960s and 1970s, largely in reaction to modernisation theory and free trade policies, which originated in the west. Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial.
Modernization theory is subject to criticism originating among socialist and freemarket ideologies, worldsystems theorists, globalization theorists and dependency theorists among others. A large argument opposing the dependency theory is the subjectivity in the theory and the terms that are often used. Development and underdevelopment in the third world. First proposed in the late 1950s by the argentine economist and statesman raul prebisch, dependency theory gained prominence in the 1960s and 70s. Modernization theory not only stresses the process of change but also the responses to that change. Development theory, cluster of research and theories on economic and political development. Dependency theorists sought to explain persistent levels of under development in latin america by situating national economies within their global economic context. The concept of modernization incorporates the full spectrum of the transition and drastic transformation that a traditional society has to undergo in order. Not all dependency theorists, however, are marxist and one should clearly distinguish between dependency and a theory of imperialism. Dependency theory is a kind of developmental theory, which is a major critique of modernisation theory. Dependency theory was very much about criticizing the western development theories that hindered the underdeveloped countries by exploiting their resources and labour force, as to develop themselves more. The modernization the movement of the 1950s and 1960s is an economic theory that is rooted in capitalism. Modernization theory is a description and explanation of the processes of transformation from traditional or underdeveloped societies to modern societies.
Modernization, dependency, rural underdevelopment, african renaissance. Society for comparative studies in society and history. The frankian model of dependency dependency theory. Aug 31, 2019 the modernization theory is polarized in its reception. Modernization theory both attempts to identify the social variables that contribute to social progress and development of societies and seeks to explain the process of social evolution. In such a way, unlike modernization theory, dependency theory does not view the choice in favor of western way of development as the panacea from all problems or as a conscious choice that is really supported by the population and elite of developing countries but such westernization of developing countries is viewed as a violent interference. To put it more precisely, modernization and dependency theory stand on the ground that western countries are the world leaders due to their higher level of development, which affects practically all spheres of life, including economic, political, social, and even cultural life leys, 210.
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